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How difficult is the construction of the red dual color fully tiled shell

source：www.lgbayir.cn  |  Release time：2025年08月25日
       The construction difficulty of the red dual color fully tiled shell is relatively high, with the core challenge focused on the two dimensions of "the curved/irregular characteristics of the shell structure" and "the splicing accuracy of the dual color tiles". It is necessary to simultaneously solve the three major problems of structural adaptability, color coordination, and tile laying stability. The specific difficulty can be analyzed by dismantling the construction process:
1、 Source of Core Difficulty: Dual Constraints of Structure and Materials
       The "shell" of the red dual color fully tiled shell usually refers to curved, curved, or irregular structures (such as domes, cylindrical shells, curved walls, etc., different from flat walls), while the "dual color tiles" require preset color zones or patterns on the shell. The combination of the two results in significantly higher construction difficulty than "flat monochrome tiling". The specific difficulties are as follows:
1. Difficulty in adapting the shell structure (basic difficulty)
       The core feature of the shell is "non flat" (which may be a single, hyperbolic, or irregular surface), and the tiling of tiles requires solving the problem of "adhesion between flat tiles and curved substrates", which is a common difficulty for all shell tiling, specifically manifested as:
       High precision requirements for tile cutting: Flat tiles are rectangular/square, and the curvature of each point on the surface of the shell is different. It is necessary to perform "irregular cutting" on the tiles according to the curvature of the surface (such as trapezoidal, fan-shaped, and curved edges). If the cutting size deviation is greater than 1mm, it may cause uneven tile joint gaps and raised corners;
       Difficulty in leveling the base: The base of the shell (such as concrete shell, steel structure shell) needs to be leveled first (usually with cement mortar or special leveling mortar), but the leveling of the curved surface needs to control the "overall curvature consistency" - if the local unevenness of the leveling layer is greater than 2mm, it will directly cause the surface of the tile to be uneven after tiling, and the larger and more complex the curved surface of the shell, the more difficult it is to control the leveling error;
       High stability requirements for ceramic tile fixation: The shell (especially suspended or curved shells) is more affected by gravity and temperature deformation, and the ceramic tiles need to be tightly bonded to the substrate through adhesive. If the thickness of the adhesive layer is uneven (the curved surface is prone to local thickness/thinness), it may cause the ceramic tiles to fall off in the later stage, and additional reinforcement processes such as hanging and backing adhesive need to be used to increase construction complexity.
2. Difficulty in splicing two-color tiles (core difficulty)
       The "red dual color" requires clear color zoning logic (such as horizontal color separation, vertical color separation, patterned color separation, etc.), and there may be color number and texture differences between the two types of red. When splicing, it is necessary to consider "natural color transition" and "neat boundaries". Specific difficulties include:
       Accuracy of color boundary positioning: If the dual color is a "straight line partition", the correct color separation reference line should be popped on the curved shell (due to the influence of the curvature of the surface, the reference line is prone to visual deviation and needs to be repeatedly calibrated with a laser projector); If it is "patterned color separation" (such as stripes and mosaics), it is necessary to first pre lay bricks on the surface of the shell (simulate the laying effect) to avoid pattern deformation caused by surface stretching. The pre laying brick process will increase the construction time by 20% to 30%;
       Color difference control of ceramic tiles: Even for the same model of "red dual color" ceramic tiles, there may be slight color differences in different batches. It is necessary to classify all tiles according to color codes and textures in advance, and apply them in the order of "same batch, same texture". Especially at the boundary of dual color, it is necessary to ensure that the color difference between adjacent tiles is ≤ △ E1.5 (almost invisible to the human eye), otherwise there will be obvious color gaps;
       Gap consistency control: The tile gaps at the two-color joint (usually 1-3mm) need to be completely aligned with the gaps in the monochrome area, and the curved gaps of the curved shell need to maintain "uniform width and smooth curvature". If the gap deviation is greater than 0.5mm, it will magnify the visual defects of the two-color boundary, and special joint strips or clips need to be used for positioning, which has a low construction tolerance rate.
3. Special processes and tool dependencies (auxiliary difficulties)
       Compared to flat tiling, shell dual color tiling requires more specialized tools and processes. If the tools are not in place or the workers are not proficient enough, it will directly increase the difficulty:
       Alien cutting tool: It is necessary to use a waterjet cutting machine (instead of a regular tile cutting machine) to cut curved and trapezoidal tiles. The waterjet cutting accuracy can reach ± 0.1mm, but the operation is complex, the cost is high, and cutting drawings need to be drawn in advance (combined with the three-dimensional model of the shell). Design errors in the drawings can directly lead to cutting scrap;
       Surface positioning tool: Use a laser projector (360 ° rotating version) to project a reference line on the surface of the shell, and use an arc-shaped ruler to check the curvature of the tile laying. If only traditional ink fountain is used to mark the line, the reference line will be offset due to the curvature of the surface;
       Adhesive selection: It is necessary to use "high flexibility tile adhesive" (tensile bonding strength ≥ 1.5MPa, flexibility ≥ 2.5mm) to avoid cracking of tiles caused by shrinkage/expansion of the shell due to temperature changes. The construction window period of high flexibility adhesive is relatively short (usually 20-30 minutes), requiring workers to quickly and correctly lay it, and requiring high construction pace.
2、 Key measures to reduce difficulty
       If it is necessary to control the difficulty of construction, it can be planned in advance from three aspects: "preliminary design, material selection, and construction management". The specific measures are as follows:
1. Pre design optimization:
       Simplify the curvature of the shell: try to use a "single curvature" (such as cylindrical surfaces) instead of a "double curvature" (such as domes) to reduce the amount of irregular tile cutting;
       Clarify the color separation boundary: prioritize "straight line color separation" (such as horizontal 1.2m height color separation), avoid complex pattern color separation (such as curved gradient), and try to match the color separation boundary with the tile size as much as possible (such as each row of tile height=color separation height, reduce cutting);
       Establish a 3D model: Use BIM (Building Information Modeling) software to simulate the tiling effect, identify tile splicing conflicts in advance, and output the correct cutting drawings and tiling sequence.
2. Material selection and adaptation:
       Ceramic tile size: Priority should be given to selecting "small-sized ceramic tiles" (such as 300 × 300mm, 200 × 400mm), as small-sized tiles are easier to fit curved surfaces (with strong curvature adaptability) and have low cutting loss rates (large-sized tiles can have a cutting loss rate of up to 15% for irregular shapes, while small-sized tiles only have a loss rate of 5%~8%);
       Ceramic tile material: Choose "all ceramic tile" (water absorption rate ≤ 0.5%), which is more wear-resistant, deformation resistant, and has stronger adhesive strength than glazed tiles;
       Adhesive and grout: Choose "C2ES1 grade high flexibility adhesive" as the adhesive, and "same color matte grout" as the grout (to reduce the visual presence of gaps and mask slight deviations).
3. Construction process control:
       Worker training: Select workers with "experience in surface tiling" (past cases must be provided), and conduct 1-2 days of sample tiling before construction (trial tiling on a small area shell substrate to confirm cutting accuracy and color separation effect);
       Process inspection: For every 5-10 tiles laid, use a laser level to check the flatness (error ≤ 1mm/2m), use a feeler gauge to check the gap width (error ≤ 0.5mm), and immediately rework if any problems are found (to avoid large-scale rectification in the later stage);
       Maintenance period: After the tiling is completed, it needs to be left to cure for more than 72 hours (the high flexibility adhesive needs to be completely cured). During the maintenance period, it is forbidden to collide with the shell to avoid the displacement of the tiles.